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Home >> Regional >> Asia >> Tajikistan |
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| align=center colspan=Two style="background: #ffffff;" |image:LocationTajikistan.png
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| National anthem
| Surudi milli
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| Official language
| Tajiki-Persian
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| Capital
| Dushanbe
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| President
| Emomali Rahmonov
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| Prime Minister
| Okil Okilov
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| Area – Total – % water | Ranked 92nd 143,100 km² 0.3% |- | Population – Total (2003) – Density | Ranked 95th 6,863,752 48/km² |- | Independence – Date | From either Soviet Union September 9, 1991 |- | Currency | Tajikistani Somoni |- | Time zone | UTC +5 |- | Calling Code | 992 |- | Internet TLD | .tj |} A Republic of Tajikistan (Тоҷикистон), at one time referred to as a Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic, occurs as united states around Central Asia. It has borders by owning Afghanistan, China, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan. Tajikistan means a 'Land of the Tajiks'.
History Human being keep around been sleep in the land that is currently Tajikistan day and night since 4,000 BC. A land has been under a rule of various empires throughout history, mostly a Persian Empire. Prior to AD, it was section of the Bactrian Empire. Arabs brought Islam in the 7th century. A Samanid Empire supplanted the Arabs however was at length superseded by Turkic invaders. A Mongols would later require control of the front yard, & Tajikistan would get the a portion of the emirate of Bukhara. In the 19th century, the Russian Empire began to spread into Central Asia during the Great Game, and it took control of Tajikistan. Fallowing a overthrow of the Tsar in 1917, Tajik guerillas waged the war against Bolshevik armies in the futile attempt to maintain independence. the Bolsheviks would prevail fallowing a quaternary season war, where mosques and villages were burned down and a people heavy suppressed. When a portion of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan was initially grouped using what is nowadays Uzbekistan in the Autonomous SSR of Tajikistan, but within 1929 was processed the separate organic republic. Moscow did not run very much to have a Tajik SSR, and it remained comparatively behind more Soviet Republics in living conditions, education & industry. In the 1970s Islamic underground parties began to form, and served to rally Tajiks against a USSR, however very disturbances did non occur until 1990. A ensuing month, a USSR collapsed, & Tajikistan declared its independence. the united states just about immediately fell into a civil war that exposed various factions fighting 1 a second, these factions were typically distinguished by kinship group loyalties. Emomali Rahmonov was the number one leader of the united states, & continues to rule to this day. Even so, he has been accused of ethnic cleanup against more ethnicities & groups when you took a Tajikistan Civil War. Around 1997 a ceasefire was reached between Rahmonov and opposition parties (United Tajik Opposition). Peaceful elections were held within 1999, however it were reported per opposition when unfair, & Rahmonov was re-elected by virtually unanimous vote. Russian troops continue to exist as stationed within southern Tajikistan, sequentially to guard a border by owning Afghanistan. Since a September 11, 2001 attacks, American and French troops have too been stationed in the united states.
Politics Near immediately fallowing independence, Tajikistan was plunged into the civil war that saw various factions, allegedly backed by Russia and Iran, fighting one an additional. Nigh 25,000 of the to a higher degree 400,000 ethnic Russian middle-management bourgeoisie fled to Russia. By 1997 the war got cooled down, & a central government began to take shape, sustaining peaceful elections around 1999. Tajikistan is officially the republic, & holds elections for the President and Parliament. A latest elections occurred around 2005, and when totally last elections, international observers imagine the children to stand been flawed, arousing several accusations from either opposition parties that President Emomali Rahmonov manipulates the election run. In a Parliament, opposition groups develop typically clashed by having the reigning person, however this has non led to nifty instability.
Provinces
Tajikistan is divided into regions, or provinces (singular: viloyat, plural: viloyatho) (upper case within parentheses)-
& 1 autonomous province (viloyati mukhtor)-
In addition, a locality containing a capital (RRS, Vicinity of Republican Subordination), Dushanbe, has no viloyat-level administrative divisions.
note: a administrative center title follows inside parentheses
Geography
Tajikistan is landlocked, & is the little united states within Central Asia by area. These are covered by mountains of the Pamir range, and to a higher degree fifty percent of the united states is 3,000 meters (approx. 10,000 feet) above sea level. A Amu Darya and Pyanj rivers mark the border using Afghanistan.
Just about 1% of the united states's metropolitan area is covered by streams, lakes, and wells throughout:
A northern border is formed per Trans-Alay Range
(Lenin Peak 7174 m, Kyzylart Pass 4280 m). A greatest peak is
Qullai Ismoili Somoni (7495 m), between
Qullai Revolutsiya (6974 m) to the north, Peak Korzhenievski (7105m) and Qatorkuhi Akademiyai Fanho (6785 m) further south, in the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region. A southern border of the united states is formed per northern virtually all ridges of the Karakoram Range, with Concord Peak (5469 m), Qullai Karl Marks (6726 m) and Qullai Mayakovskiy (6096 m) along the border to Afghanistan.
Exclaves
There are trio Tajik exclaves [http://home.no.net/enklaver/tajikistan.htm], all of the babies in the Fergana valley region in which Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan meet. A largest is Vorukh (exclave area between 95 & 130 kilometre², people judged between 23,000 & 29,000, 95% Tajiks & 5% Kyrgyz, distributed among Xvii villages), placed 45 km in the south of Isfara on the right bank of the Karafshin river, in Kyrgyz territory. A second exclave inside Kyrgyzstan occurs as little class action settlement touching a Kyrgyz train station of Kairagach. a survive is the village of Sarvan, which includes a narrow, hanker strip of land (astir Fifteen klick yearn by Unity klick wide) alongside the road from either Angren to Kokand; it is surrounded by Uzbek territory.
No enclaves inside Tajikistan.
Economy
Tajikistan is the poorest united states of the ex-USSR and one of the poorest countries in the globe. By using foreign revenue precariously dependent upon exportation of cotton gauze & al, a economy is extremely vulnerable to external shocks. Around FY 2000, international assistance remained an essential source of trend lines for rehabilitation computer program that reintegrated previous civil war fighter into a civilian economy, so serving keep a peace. International assistance besides was necessary to location a 2nd month of severe drought that resulted in the continued shortage of food production. In August 21st, 2001, the Red Cross announced that a famine was striking Tajikistan, & known as for international help for Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.
Demographics
Tajikistan has the people of 7,011,556 (July 2004). A major ethnic class action is the Tajik, although there is a sizeable minority of Uzbeks, and the little people of Russians, whose numbers come declining due to expatriation. Pamiris of Badakhshan are considered to belong to larger class action of Tajiks. Also, a official language of Tajikistan is Tajik, while Russian is largely spoken in business & for government purposes. Although a Tajik & Uzbek come at present classified when separate ethnic groups, in account of their languages, this occurs as comparatively fresh phenomenon & originates from either a conquest of Central Asia per Russian Empire in the 19th century. Despite its impoverishment, Tajikistan has a high rate of literacy sustaining an forecasted 98% of the people with the ability to underst& and write. Virtually all of the people follows Sunni Islam, although a sizeable total of Shi'a are present as well.
Culture
A culture of Tajikistan was originally shared thereupon of Uzbekistan, however when you took Communistic rule, a ethnic fabric of a vicinity was disrupted per Soviet leadership imposing unreal boundaries & the notion of united states-state - alien to the vicinity - on the locality. This hwhen non been totally prejudicious though, as Tajikistan was known for its theater & celebrated novelists in a period of the Soviet era. Among these writers were souls world health organization strove to purify a Tajik language by tying it inside thomas more by using Persian and eliminating Arabic loanwords.
Virtually all citizens of Tajikistan come Muslim. the impact of Islam has grown within recent years, & was a heavy bonding click in the period of Tajikistan's fight against Soviet rule & when you took its civil war. Historically, a great deal of Tajik culture ties it to the Persian past of the region, & Persian writers, man of science & poets like Ibn Sina, Firdausi, Rudaki, and Omar Khayyám are especially revered.
A big Christian denominations are a Russian Orthodox Church and the Ukrainian Orthodox Church.
Miscellaneous topics
Democracy
Culture
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